2016年职称英语卫生类C级阅读理解历年真题及解析
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2016年职称英语卫生类C级阅读理解历年真题及解析
2015年真题
第一篇
Better Control of TB Seen if a Faster Cure Is Found
The World Health Organizationl estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis. Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their lungs. Two million people die of it.
The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.
Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that can lead to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious
patients who can pass on their infection to others.
The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these reductions would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.
The World Health Organization developed the DOTS program in 1990. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment.
Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.
31. Each year, about __________ people die of TB, according to the World Health Organization.
A. one-third of all
B. eight million
C. two million
D. one million
32. The mathematical model tested in Southeast Asia shows that a faster cure is developed and in wide use as early as the year of __________.
A.1990
B.2020
C.2030
D.2012
33. Now there are __________ most common drugs being used for more than forty years.
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
34. Which of the following statements in NOT right in Paragraph 2?
A. Current treatments of TB take at least six months.
B. Shorter treatment program would likely mean more patients cured, and fewer infectious patients.
C. The patients have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily.
D. The patients should stop taking antibiotic drugs as soon as they feel better.
35. The long-term goal of the Global Alliance for TB Drug Development is a treatment that could work
A. in half a year
B. in two months
C. in ten doses
D. in ten days
第二篇
Most Adults in U.S. Have Low Risk of Heart Disease
More than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years, according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent.
"I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers, health policy analysts, and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the US population." lead author Dr.
Earl S. Ford, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, said in a statement.
The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects, between 20 and 79 years of age, who participated in the third National Health and Nutrition Exanimation Survey from 1988 to 1994.
Overall,82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent,15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent, and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent.
The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age, and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions.
Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10 -- year risk of heart disease, a large proportion have a high or immediate risk, Dr. Daniel S. Berman, from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, and Dr. Nathan D. Wong, rom the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial.
Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward, they add.
36. Which of the following statements is NOT right?
A. The 10-year risk of heart disease is low for most U.S. adult.
B. Elderly people have a higher risk of heart disease than younger people.
C. Women have a higher risk of heart disease than men.
D. The distribution of the risk of heart disease is hardly related to race.
37. According to the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, __________ of the U.S. adults had a risk of developing heart disease above 20 percent in the next 10 years.
A. three percent
B. ten percent
C. twenty percent
D. eighty-two percent
38. __________ does have the least effect on risk distribution.
A. Age
B. Gender
C. Race
D. Blood group
39. What"s the percentage that 15% of the U.S. adults had a risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years?
A. About 3%.
B. Less than 10%.
C. Between 10% and 20%.
D. Above 20%.
40. Dr. Daniel and Dr. Nathan suggest reducing the risk of overall population by __________.
A. losing weight
B. aggressive treatment measures
C. public health strategies
D. both B and C
第三篇
Dangers Await Babies with Altitude
Women who live in the world"s highest communities tend to give birth to under-weight babies,a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.
Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasn"t clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished--many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.
To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of400 births in Bolivia during 1976 and 1998.The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.
Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birth weight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. "We were very surprised by this result," says Giussani.
The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth. "This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child, "says Giussani.
His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to rest of the body.
Giussani wants to fred out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary (冠状的) heart disease. And newborns with ahigh ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.
41. What does the new study discover?
A. Babies born to wealthy families are heaver.
B. Women living at high altitude tend to give birth to underweight babies.
C. Newborns in cities are lighter than average.
D. Low-altitude babies have a high risk of heart disease in later life.
42. Gussani and his team are sure that
A. babies born in La Paz are on average lighter than in Santa Cruz
B. people living at high altitudes tend to give birth to under-weight babies
C.. the birth weigh of babies born to wealthy families in Santa Cruz
D. mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourished
43. It can be inferred from what Gussani says in Paragraph 4 that __________ .
A. the finding was unexpected
B. he was very tired
C. the study took longer than expected
D. he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz
44. The results of the study indicate the reason for the under-wight babies is __________ .
A. lack of certain nutrition
B. poverty of their mother
C. different family backgrounds
D. reduction of oxygen levels
45. It can be learned about from the last paragraph that __________ .
A. high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in later life
B o under-weight babies have a shorter life span
C. babies born to poor families lack hormones before birth
D. new born wealthy families have larger heads compared with their bodies
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